Idents Table:-
Ident/ Channel | Length and Format | Type of Sound | Target audience | Setting/props Characters No. of characters |
ITV 1 (Champions League) | 46 Seconds | Inspirational Music | Football Fans | Lots (Various Footballers) |
MTV | 30 Seconds | Drumming Music | General | Cartoon Drummer |
BBC Two | 20 Seconds | None (Sound effects) | General | Plastersine Model |
Channel 4 | 40 Seconds | Guitar Music | General | Buildings/Construction Site |
Pioneers of Animation:-
Joseph Plateau:-
Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau (October 14, 1801 – September 15, 1883) was a Belgian physicist. He was the first person to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image. To do this he used counter rotating disks with repeating drawn images in small increments of motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the other. He called this device of 1832 the phenakistoscope.
William Horner:-
William George Horner (1786 – 22 September 1837) was a British mathematician and schoolmaster. The invention of the zoetrope, in 1834 and under a different name, has been attributed to him. Using the zoetrope, Horner published stop motion animation such as ‘Natural Magic,’ a pamphlet on optics dealing with virtual images, in London 1832.
Emile Reynaud:-
Emile Reynaud (8 December 1844–9 January 1918) was a French science teacher, responsible for the first projected animated cartoon films. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888, and on 28 October 1892 he projected the first animated film in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris. This film is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used.
Eadward Muybridge:-
Eadweard J. Muybridge (9 April 1830 – 8 May 1904) was an English photographer who spent much of his life in the United States. He is known for his pioneering work on animal locomotion which used multiple cameras to capture motion, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip.
Thomas Edison:-
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor, scientist, and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Edison helped with the popularity of the kinetoscope. Edison's earliest films lasted for about 20 seconds. They were first demonstrated to the public in 1893 at the Chicago World's Fair. By the following year, a 'kinetoscope parlour' had been opened in New York, with ten machines showing different films. The first demonstration in London was in October 1894.
Lumiere Brothers:-
The Lumière brothers were born in Besançon, France, in 1862 and 1864, and moved to Lyon in 1870, where both attended La Martiniere, the largest technical school in Lyon. Their father, Claude-Antoine Lumière (1840–1911), ran a photographic firm and both brothers worked for him. The Lumières held their first private screening of projected motion pictures in 1895. Their first public screening of films at which admission was charged was held on December 28, 1895, at Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris. This history-making presentation featured ten short films, including their first film, Sortie des Usines Lumière à Lyon (Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory). Each film is 17 meters long, which, when hand cranked through a projector, runs approximately 50 seconds.
George Pal:-
George Pal (February 1, 1908 – May 2, 1980) was a Hungarian-born American animator and film producer, principally associated with the science fiction genre. He became an American citizen after emigrating from Europe. In 1933 he worked in Prague; in 1934, he made a film advertisement in his hotel room in Paris, and was invited by Philips to make two more ad shorts. He started to use Pal-Doll techniques in Eindhoven, in a former butchery, then at villa-studio Suny Home. He made five films before 1949 for the British company Horlicks Malted Milk. He left Germany as the Nazis came to power. In 1940, he emigrated from Europe, and began work for Paramount Pictures at this time; his friend Walter Lantz helped him obtain American citizenship.
